The site of first recurrence (anywhere in the liver) was classified as intrahepatic recurrence (IHR). During follow-up, early IHR occurred in 126 (63.6%) patients, while late IHR was detected in 59 patients among 145 patients who remained free of HCC recurrence for ≥ 2 years after surgery. The site of first recurrence (anywhere in the liver) was classified as intrahepatic recurrence (IHR). During follow-up, early IHR occurred in 126 (63.6%) patients, while late IHR was detected in 59 patients among 145 patients who remained free of HCC recurrence for ≥ 2 years after surgery.
This TERT overexpression is detected in up to 90% of cancer cells, compared to in <20% of normal cells14. This TERT overexpression is detected in up to 90% of cancer cells, compared to in <20% of normal cells14.
We searched databases for studies that evaluated the expression of Notch receptors and/or ligands in human HCC tissue.
HCC is the fifth most common malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide; its 5-year survival rate is 15–17%3.
Therefore, early screening, early diagnosis, and initial treatment are appropriate ways to determine the prognosis of patients with liver cancer, which is important.
Numerous related factors and molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC.
The Notch signaling pathway is composed of Notch receptors (Notch 1–4), Notch ligands (Delta 1,3,4; Jagged 1–2) and intracellular effector molecules and is a highly conserved intercellular signal transduction pathway.
The Notch signaling pathway is pleiotropic, and activation of this pathway not only plays an important role in the development and differentiation of normal cells but also plays an important role in the evolution of the disease, especially in corresponding tumor formation8,9.
In recent years, studies on the role of the Notch signaling pathway in carcinogenesis and suppression of primary HCC have made progress.
Some studies suggest that expression of Notch receptors or ligands in HCC can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells, while the opposite view is that high expression of some Notch receptors or ligands, such as Notch 1 or Jagged1, can promote the differentiation of liver tumor and tumor vascular proliferation.
To provide new guidelines for early detection or early diagnosis, establish an individualized treatment regimen and evaluate of prognosis of HCC, this systematic review and meta-analysis observed the expression levels of Notch l–4 and Jagged l in HCC tissue, pericarcinomatous tissue and normal control tissue.
Full size image The association between the Notch receptor/ligand in HCC and non-HCC tissues.
A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to classify patients as follows: NLR-PNI 0 group (NLR ≤ 2.2 and PNI > 46), NLR-PNI 1 group (NLR > 2.2 or PNI ≤ 46) and NLR-PNI 2 group (NLR > 2.2 and PNI ≤ 46).
Regarding 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, the NLR-PNI score had superior discriminative abilities (i.e., higher area under the ROC curve), compared with either the NLR or PNI alone, and patients in the NLR-PNI 0, 1, and 2 groups had median survival times of 33 (95% confidence interval: 22.8–43.2), 14 (10.9–17.1), and 6 (9.9–14.1) months, respectively.
However, studies have also shown that not all patients with unresectable HCC benefit from TACE.
A new inflammation-based score system, the NLR-PNI score, was then generated by combining the NLR score with the PNI score.
Full size image This study included 793 patients with unresectable HCC who had undergone TACE during the study period and for whom complete data were available.
Overall, 54.2% of the patients received >1 TACE treatment (range: 1–9).
(A) Overall survive; (B) NLR; (C) PNI; (D) NLR-PNI score.
As the prognostic values of the NLR and PNI are stable in patients with early-stage HCC, we evaluated whether a combination of these scores could optimize the selection of patients who would benefit from TACE among a patient subgroup with varying tumour burdens and variable predicted survival outcomes.
Our results indicated that the combined NLR-PNI score could better reflect the systemic inflammatory response for patients with HCC after TACE, compared with either score alone.
After dividing our patients into three groups according to NLR-PNI scores, we found that those with high combined scores had progressively worse outcomes relative to those with lower scores, and these differences were largely significant.
(Fig. (Fig.
According to NLRP3-inflammasome deficiency and diet, significant differences between microbial taxa were found (Fig.
Effect of diet and genotype on gut microbiota composition.
7d) and this was associated with reduced TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 expression in the liver of Nlrp3−/−-HFHC mice (Fig.
The worsen degree of adipose tissue inflammation and liver injury in NLRP3 deficient mice was associated with specific modifications of gut microbiota composition.
The key role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue and hepatic alterations has been proved by antibiotic treatment, which dramatically modified bacterial composition, depleting gram-negative bacteria, including Proteobacteria which strongly correlates with liver disease progression24, finally reducing bacterial translocation, liver injury and adipose tissue inflammation. Gut decontamination induced by antibiotics significantly reduced TLRs expression, indicating a major role of gram-negative products translocation in their activation, that was associated with features of NAFLD (increased body weight and hepatic triglyceride deposition) and progression of liver disease (inflammation and fibrogenesis).
Bacterial translocation induces adipose tissue dysfunction, known to increase fatty acids efflux to the liver.
Histochemical reactions were performed using Vectastain ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and Sigma Fast 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as the substrate.
We assessed the relationship between the heterogeneity of HCC on preoperative non-contrast-enhanced CT and patient prognosis. The heterogeneity of CT images from 122 patients was assessed and texture feature parameters such as mean, standard deviation (SD), entropy, mean of the positive pixels (MPP), skewness, and kurtosis were obtained using filtration. CT texture features of non-contrast-enhanced CT images showed a relationship with HCC prognosis. We assessed the relationship between the heterogeneity of HCC on preoperative non-contrast-enhanced CT and patient prognosis. The heterogeneity of CT images from 122 patients was assessed and texture feature parameters such as mean, standard deviation (SD), entropy, mean of the positive pixels (MPP), skewness, and kurtosis were obtained using filtration. CT texture features of non-contrast-enhanced CT images showed a relationship with HCC prognosis.
In this study, we showed the significance of non-contrast-enhanced CT images in the assessment of HCC prognosis. In this study, we showed the significance of non-contrast-enhanced CT images in the assessment of HCC prognosis.
performed the study. performed the study.
